She-wolf

Zvinyorwa zvekare zvinotaura nezvezvidhori zviviri zvendarira zvemhumhi, imwe kuLupercal, yakataurwa muna 295 apo vaviri vevavaki vaOlgunia vakawedzera mapatya kwaari, uye imwe kuCapitol, uko Cicero anoshuma kuti mhumhi yakarohwa. nemheni muna 65 BC. ... uye harina kugadzirwa kubva ipapo. Iyo bronze she-wolf, ikozvino muCapitoline Museums, inoita kunge yakagadzirwa pakati pe10th ne14th century, kwete nguva yeEtruscan ye5th century. kana kuti 3rd century BC, sezvazvaidavirwa.

Asi kune vamwe, mhumhi ndeye 4th century. uye mapatya ezana remakore rechigumi nemana. Tichinyatsomutarisa, kubva pachimiro, kusimba kwemhasuru kwakasimbiswa uye ruzivo rwebvudzi rinoita kunge rakarukwa, ngatiti akanyatsofanana nevashandi vakanakisa veEtruscan, vaive vazhinji muRoma.

Capitoline muzana remakore rechi10, hongu. yakasungirirwa kune façade kana mukati meLateran Palace: muzana remakore rechiXNUMX Chronicon yeBenedetto da Sorakte, apo mumongi anotsanangura kugadzwa kwedare repamusoro-soro rekururamisira " mumuzinda weLateran, munzvimbo inonzi .... ndimai vavaRoma. "Miedzo uye kuuraya" kune mhumhi "yakanyorwa pamberi pe1450

... Chifananidzo chakapfuura muna 1471 muchechi yeSan Teodoro, ndokuzoendeswa naSixtus IV della Rovere kune "vanhu veRoma" uye kubva ipapo chave chiri muCapitoline Museums, muLoup Hall.

Chivezwa chinoratidza mhumhi inochengeta vaviri vadiki mapatya, Romulus naRemus, yakawedzerwa muzana ramakore rechi 15, pamwe naAntonio del Pollaiolo. Pachinyorwa Mirabilia Urbis Romae (Rome, 1499), anotooneka aine mapatya maviri.

PaPalatine Hill, panguva yekuchera matongo, anenge mamita gumi nemashanu kubva panheyo yeVilla Augusta yakawanikwa. луперкаль , chivako chepasi pevhu chenguva yeRoma.

Chimiro ichi chaigona kucherechedzwa nebako renzvimbo tsvene uko ine mukurumbira mhumhi yakayamwisa vana vaviri vane mukurumbira Mars naRi Sylvia.

«Mhumhi yeEtruscan yaimiririra mwari wenyika yepasi, Aitu, nepo mhumhi yakanga iriwo chiratidzo chamwari anonatsa nekuisa fetiraiza Soran, uyo airemekedzwa navaSabine paGomo reSoratta. Asi pakati pevakadzi veSabine, mhumhi yaiva mhuka tsvene yeMamers, yakafanana nemwari weRoma Mars, uyo, maererano nengano, aiva baba vemapatya, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi mhumhi yakanga ine unhu hwaMarcia. . Mukuwedzera, mhuka yevaLatin yaichengetedza yaiva Luperco, kubva pashoko rokuti Sabine rokuti hirpus, rinoreva "mhumhi", saka, yakaonekwa semhumhi, mhuka yacho inogona kuva Luperk, mwari wevafudzi uye mudziviriri weboka kubva kumapere. , avo vakapembererwa mazororo e dei Lupercalia musi waFebruary 15. «

Saka vanoti, asi pachokwadi mhofu yaiyamwisa yaiva mwarikadzi, zvinonetsa kufunga Mwari ari kuyamwisa. Mhumhi mwarikadzi.yakanga iri mwari wekare wezvakasikwa, Amai Mukuru, avo vapristakadzi, muzita rekubereka kwamwarikadzi, vanozviti. hierodule , kana kuti chipfambi chinoyera, kumativi emadziva anoputika eCastelli Romani.

Kutaura idi, muNemi vaiita tsika yokugeza inoyera gore negore iyo yakavamanikidza kudzokera kumhandara dzavo. Uyezve, vanhu vekare vaishandisa shoko racho Virgo zvaireva kwete mukadzi asingafungidzirwe, asi uyo akasimba uye asina Kunoitawo kuzviisa pasi pako, kutaura idi, shoko rokuti “mhandara” raishandiswa kureva illibata.

Kubva kuna mwarikadzi Lupa kunouyawo izwi Imba yepfambi , kana kuti chipfambi, nokuda kwevhesi pamusoro pemhumhi yepfambi inokwezva vapfuuri, nhaka yehierodulia yakabviswa, iyo yakachinja kuva chipfambi chokunyika.

Kare, vapristakadzi vaichema kumwedzi muzita ramwarikadzi. Pakutanga, Luperkali yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi Lupe, zvino nekusvika kwemadzitateguru eLupe, Luperco akazova.

Chiitiko chekurwiswa kwemhumhi, yakatanga kutaurwa muzana remakore rechitatu BC nemunyori wenhoroondo wechiGiriki Diocles Pepareto uye, shure kwake, nemunyori weRoma Quinto Fabio Pittore, anoratidza kuti kunze kweBronze Age yemhumhi, Sacra. Lupa aivapo samwari.

Zvisinei, mhumhi yakaburuka kwatiri, ichikunda kupindira kwevatorwa uye kuregeredza kwekare, kunyange kana mheni yakamurova muna 65 BC, ichiparadza mapatya maviri.

MuMiddle Ages, yakaiswa muLateran, kunze kweTorre degli Annibaldi, panheyo yedombo yakatsigirwa negrappas yakaroverwa mumadziro, kusvikira Sixtus IV, achifunga kuti ndeyechihedheni, akazvipa kune Conservatives ane gumi egoridhe florins kuti ivakwezve. mapatya maviri.

Muchokwadi, ivo vakakandwa naAntonio Pollaiolo muna 1473, uye Lupa yakaramba iri pasi pevharanda rePalazzo dei Conservatory kusvika 1538, payakaendeswa kune colonnade inoshongedza yekutanga pasi pakati pefaçade.

Pakupedzisira, muna 1586, yakaiswa pachitsiko pakati pekamuri inonzi della Lupa, iyo ichiripo nanhasi. Imwe iri mukamuri rePalazzo di Montecitorio, uye imwe iri mumhepo yakashama, pambiru parutivi rworuboshwe rwePalazzo Senatorio muCampidoglio.

Zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekukanda, she-wolf inonzi ndeye medieval, kutaura zvazviri inokandwa sechidimbu chimwe, nepo kare zvidhori zvakanyungudutswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvobva zvaunganidzwa, asi kune zvakare hombe dzakasimba dzakasimba senge. Riace bronze. Zuva richangoburwa rakasarudzwa zvakanyanya nekuti harina kurongeka uye rakadzokororwa sezvidhori zvekare, asi zvese izvi zvinogona kuvonekwa nekuti vane mukurumbira vanochera matongo vakadai saCalandrini vanoti zvakafanana nekukanda kweEtruscan, kunyangwe chikamu kubva kune alloy. . ...

MuEtruria, nhoroondo yekuyamwisa mhumhi kana shumba yakanyorwa kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX BC kuburikidza nedombo rekuvigwa rakakurumbira reBologna.

MuRoma, kunze kweDornestine girazi reBolsena, mifananidzo yekare kare haisati yasvika muzana remakore rechitatu BC, kunze kweCapitoline wolf.

Bhuronzi yekare, ine mapatya akawedzerwa gare gare, yakave ibasa rekuita basa rehunyanzvi, iro kukosha kwevagari uye kunoyera kunogona kurondwa mungano yekutanga.

Mufananidzo wacho wakachengetedzwa mubako reLupercal, iro Dionysius weHalicarnassus muzana remakore rekutanga AD. dc inoyeuka hunhu hwechinyakare, yakararama mushure mebasa rakaitwa munguva yaAugustus, kusvika muzana ramakore rechishanu AD, apo, mushure mekuratidzira kwaPope Gelasius I (492-496), mutambo weLupercalia wakabviswa uye yakatsiviwa nemutambo wekunatswa kweMhandara ...

лиано - Masikirwo emhuka

«Saka vanoti Latona azvara Mwari uyu, akashanduka mhumhi ; uye naizvozvo Homer, achitaura nezveApollo, anoshandisa mashoko okuti "mupfuri ane mukurumbira, akaberekwa nemhumhi." Uye izvi zvinotsanangurawo kuti sei, sekuziva kwangu, kune chifananidzo chendarira chemhumhi muDelphi, inotangira pakuzvarwa kwaLatona. «

Zvinoita kuti tifunge nezvamwarikadzi wekare Lupe.

Hatifanire kukanganwa, sezvatinoudzwa naPolybius, izvozvo velites , varwi veRoma vachiedza kufamba, vaipfeka dehwe remhumhi pamusoro pengowani dzavo, iro murutivi rukurusa rinonongedzera kuhondo yedzinza, umo mweya wemhumhi wakamutsidzira murwi.

Vaprista vaSally muIdes yaMarch vakatakura mudungwe nhovo dzenymph Egeria, iyo yakazove nhovo dzeMars, mumigwagwa yeRoma, yakapfeka. mumatehwe emhumhi ... Chimiro chechimiro chemadzitateguru kwaive kubviswa, asi kwete zvachose, kwezvipfeko zve "hasha" zvevamwari vechikadzi, vachizvipa kune vamwari vechirume chete, nepo vanhu vekare vaiona zvisikwa uye vamwari vaiyerera kubva pane izvi, zvinoparadza uye kugadzira, asi. kwete kuparadza. nokuda kwezvakaipa, asi nokuda kwechimiro chavo, samasikirwo chaiwo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nhovo dzakatama kubva kuEgeria kuenda kuMars, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi Mars atova Mwari weminda, uye murwi akavawo murwi anokurumidza uye ndizvozvo.

TOTEMIC REGULATIONS OF LEGIONS OF IV CENTURY BC