Tatu: chii icho, nhoroondo uye nei tichiifarira zvakanyanya.

Tattoo: chii chatinofanira kuziva?

Chii tattoo? Inogona kutsanangurwa seunyanzvi, tsika yekushongedza muviri nemifananidzo, madhirowa, zviratidzo, makara kana kwete, uye kwete hazvo izere nezvinoreva.

zvisinei, matinji maitiro zvachinja kwemazana emakore, pfungwa yaro yekuramba yakaramba isina kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva.

Mazuva ano kudhindwa nyora kunoitwa pachishandiswa michina inobvumidza ingi kujowa mukati meganda kuburikidza netsono yakakosha, iyo, ichikwidza nekudzika, inokwanisa kupinda mukati memamirimita pasi peganda.

Kune tsono dzakasiyana pakati pavo muhupamhi, zvinoenderana nekushandisa kwavo; kutaura zvazviri, tsono yega yega ine chaiyo yekushandisa nuance, contouring kana kusanganisa.

Chigadzirwa chinoshandiswa kumataturo emazuva ano inoita maviri ekutanga mashandiro kakawanda:

• Huwandu hweinki mutsono
• Ingi kuburitsa mukati meganda (pasi pehwidi)

Pakati pematanho aya, kuwanda kwekufamba kwetsono yetatoo kunogona kubva pa50 kusvika 3000 nguva paminiti.

Nhoroondo yeTattoos

Paunenge uchisarudza nyora, wakambozvibvunza here kuti chaiyoiyo mavambo acho ndeapi?

Nhasi, nyora dziri kuwedzera kushandiswa senzira yekuzviratidza pane muviri.

Zvisinei, izvi zvichiri kugona kuwana avo vanoshandura mhino pamberi pavo nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo kana kufungira pamusoro pezvinoreva hunyanzvi uhu.

Muchokwadi, nyora nyowani inzira chaiyo yekutaurirana, kuona chimwe chinhu chakakosha uye chisingadzimiki, kuzviratidza kuti uri weboka, chinamato, chitendero, asi zvakare nzira yekungonyanya kunakidza kana kungotevedzera maitiro.

Izwi rekuti tattoo rinotanga kuoneka panenge pakati pema700s mushure mekuwanikwa kwechitsuwa cheTahiti nemutungamiriri weChirungu James Cook. Vagari venzvimbo ino vakanongedzera tsika yekunyora nyora nezwi rePolynesia "tau-tau", rakashandurwa nemavara kuita "Tattoou", kuchichinjira kuchirungu. Uye zvakare, hapana mubvunzo kuti tsika yekunyora nyowani ine mavambo ekare, anosvika makore zviuru zvishanu apfuura.

Dzakati wandei matanho enhoroondo:

• Muna 1991, akawanikwa munzvimbo ine makomo pakati peItari neAustria. Amai vaSimilaun yakadzokera kumakore mashanu nemazana matatu apfuura. Aive nematatoo mumuviri wake, ayo akazoiswa X-ray, uye zvakazoitika kuti mabhureki angave akagadzirwa nekuda kwekurapa, sezvo kuora kwemapfupa kunogona kucherechedzwa munzvimbo dzakanangana nematato.
• InsideEgipita yekare Vatambi vaive nemagadzirirwo akafanana nematato, sekuonekwa mune mamwe mammies uye pendi yakawanikwa muna 2.000 BC.
• Il Celtic vanhu ainamata vanamwari vemhuka uye, sechiratidzo chekuzvipira, akapenda vanamwari vamwe chete muchimiro chematatoo pamuviri wake.
• Chiono Vanhu veRoma kare, ichi chave chiri chiratidzo chematato chete kune matsotsi nevatadzi. Yakanga iri gare gare, mushure mekuonana nevanhu veBritish avo vaishandisa maTattoo pamiviri yavo muhondo, ndipo pavakafunga kuzvitora mutsika dzavo.
• Kutenda kwechiKristu kwaishandisa tsika yekuisa zviratidzo zvechitendero pahuma sechiratidzo chekuzvipira. Gare gare, panguva yenhoroondo nguva yehondo dzeMasoja, varwi vakasarudzawo kutora maTattoo ipapo. Jerusarema kuyambukakuzivikanwa muchiitiko cherufu muhondo.

Tattoo zvinoreva

Munhoroondo yese, tsika yematato yakagara iine chirevo chekufananidzira. Kushamwaridzana kwakabatana, chikamu chakakosha uye chakakosha, chagara chakasiyanisa maonero ekumadokero kubva kumabvazuva, eAfrica uye egungwa.

Muchokwadi, mumatekiniki ekuMadokero, kurwadziwa kunodzikiswa, nepo mune dzimwe tsika dzakataurwa, inowana chirevo chakakosha uye kukosha: kurwadziwa kunounza munhu padhuze neruzivo rwekufa, uye, nekurwisa iko, anokwanisa kuiburitsa.

Munguva dzekare, munhu wese akasarudza kutora tattoo akawana chiitiko ichi setsika, bvunzo kana kutanga.

Zvinotendwa, semuenzaniso, kuti n'anga, shaman kana vapirisita vaiita matattoist epamberi munzvimbo dzakapfava dzairwadziwa, senge kumashure kana maoko.

Pamwe pamwe nekurwadziwa, kune zvakare chiratidzo chinosanganisirwa nekubuda ropa panguva yekudzidzira.

Ropa rinoyerera rinomiririra hupenyu, uye nekudaro kudeurwa kweropa, kunyangwe kuri kushoma uye kusingakoshe, kunofanidza chiitiko cherufu.

Maitiro akasiyana uye tsika

Kubva panguva dzekare, hunyanzvi hwaishandiswa kumatato hwakasiyana uye hwaive nehunhu hwakasiyana zvichienderana netsika yavairovedzwa. Hunhu hwetsika nemagariro ndihwo hwakabatsira zvakanyanya kusiyanisa matekinoroji, nekuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro, shanduko irimo mune ruzivo uye kukosha kunoenderana nekurwadziwa kunoenderana nemuitiro. Ngatitarisei kwavari zvakananga:

• Ocean Techniques: munzvimbo dzakaita sePolynesia neNew Zealand, chishandiso chakaita sereki chine mazino emapfupa anopinza kumagumo chakashandiswa kupinza mukati meganda rakawanikwa nekudhonza nekugadzirisa coconut walnuts.
• Yakare Inuit Technique: Tsono dzaigadzirwa nemapfupa dzaishandiswa neInuit kugadzira shinda yechinchona, yakafukidzwa nesotu tambo iyo inogona kupa ruvara uye kupinda mukati meganda nenzira yehunyanzvi.
• Maitiro eJapan: Inodaidzwa kunzi tebori uye inosanganisira kunyora mavoko netsono (titanium kana simbi). Iwo akasungirirwa kumagumo etambo yemushenjere inofamba ichienda kumberi uye senge bhurasho, ichibaya ganda zvisingaite, asi zvinorwadza chaizvo. Munguva yekudzidzira, mucherechedzi anochengeta ganda rakashongedzwa kuitira kuti akwanise kunyatsotsigira ganda achidarika tsono. Pane imwe nguva, tsono dzaive dzisingabvisike uye dzichigadzika, asi nhasi zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa hutsanana uye mamiriro ekuchengetedza. Mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa nehunyanzvi uhu inosiyana neyechinyakare muchina nekuti inokwanisa kugadzira akasiyana shades eeruvara, kunyangwe zvikatora nguva yakareba. Iyi nzira ichiri kuitwa muJapan nhasi, kunyanya nechena pigments (sumi) inosanganiswa neAmerican (kumadokero). 
• Maitiro eSamoa: chiitiko chinorwadza kwazvo, chinowanzo perekedzwa nemhemberero uye nziyo. Izvi zvinoitwa seinotevera: muiti anoshandisa zviridzwa zviviri, chimwe chacho chakaita kunge muzinga wefupa une mubato une tsono nhatu kusvika makumi maviri, uye imwe yacho chiridzwa chakaita sedanda chinoshandiswa kuirova.

Yekutanga yakaisirwa iyo pigment yakawanikwa kubva mukugadziriswa kwezvirimwa, mvura nemafuta, ndokusundidzirwa nekamuti kuboora ganda. Zviripachena, mukati mekuuraya kwese, ganda rinofanira kuramba rakashongedzerwa kuti ribudirire pakuita.

• Thai kana Cambodian maitiro: ine midzi yekare kwazvo uye yakakosha mutsika iyi. Mumutauro wemuno unonzi "Sak Yant" kana "inoera tattoo", zvinoreva chirevo chakadzama chinodarika mwero wakapfava paganda. Tattoo yeThai inoitwa uchishandisa nzira yemishenjere. neiyi nzira: tsvimbo yakarodzwa (sak mai) inonyikwa muingi ndokuzonamirwa paganda kuti igadzire kudhirowa. Unyanzvi uhu hune marwadzo anotarisisa pasi, anoenderanawo nenzvimbo yakasarudzwa.
• Maitiro ekuMadokero (eAmerica): Iyi ndiyo nzira yepamusorosoro uye yemazuva ano yataurwa, iyo inoshandisa mushini wemagetsi tsono inotungamirwa nemagetsi emagetsi kana coil imwechete inotenderera. Iyi ndiyo nzira isingarwadzire zvakanyanya irikushandiswa, shanduko yazvino yaThomas Edison's 1876 peni yemagetsi. Chekutanga patent yemuchina wemagetsi unokwanisa kutora nyora yakawanikwa naSamuel O'Reilly muna 1891 kuUnited States, iyo yakafemerwa nemazvo zvakagadzirwa naEdison. Nekudaro, zano raO'Reilly harina kugara kwenguva refu nekuda kwekufamba kwekutenderera chete. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, murume wechiRungu Thomas Riley akagadzira muchina mumwechete wetatoo achishandisa magnomaineti, ayo akachinja nyika yekunyora nyora. Ichi chishandiso chekupedzisira chakazogadziridzwa uye chikaitwa nekufamba kwenguva kuti chiwedzere kushanda kwayo kwehunyanzvi, kusvika kune yazvino-yepamusoro uye yazvino vhezheni vhezheni.