Veles

Tau ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, ntau tiam neeg dhau mus rau ib leeg mythical tales ntawm amazing deities los yog txaus ntshai ghouls thiab monsters. Niaj hnub no, pop kab lis kev cai yog twv yuav raug hu los ntawm Greek Olympus nrog Zeus ntawm lub helm. Txawm li cas los xij, peb cov Slavs yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab txog peb tus kheej mythology, uas, txawm hais tias tsis tau tshawb nrhiav thiab feem ntau tso tseg ntawm random, txawm li cas los xij yog qhov nthuav heev. Lub sij hawm no hais txog ib tug vajtswv uas tau txheeb xyuas nrog tus neeg zov tsiaj, thiab lwm qhov chaw nrog kev tuag thiab lub ntiajteb sab hauv - ntsib Veles!

Veles (los yog Volos) tau hais hauv Czech qhov chaw thaum tig ntawm XNUMX - XNUMX centuries thiab raug txheeb xyuas nrog dab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom ib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus cog tseg ky veles ik welesu, uas sib raug rau peb ki dab ntxwg nyoog thiab ntuj txiag teb tsaus. Raws li qee cov mythology, qhov no qhia txog qhov muaj koob meej ntawm tus vajtswv no. Alexander Brückner, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Polish sau ntawv keeb kwm, kuj qhia no thesis. Nws sib cav hais tias lub koom haum uas tau hais los saum no ntawm Veles nrog nyuj yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov yuam kev thaum, thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm pagan, Veles tau yuam kev rau St. Vlas (Saint Vlas), tus patron neeg dawb huv ntawm nyuj. Hloov chaw, Brueckner taw qhia rau lub suab zoo sib xws rau Lithuanian Welinas, uas txhais tau tias "dab ntxwg nyoog," thiab yog li koom nrog nws nrog tus vajtswv ntawm kev tuag thiab lub ntiajteb sab hauv. Cov lus zoo li no yuav piav qhia tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj tau cog lus rau nws. Muaj rituals txuam nrog ib tug vajtswv ntuj. Cov Slavs tsis kam cog lus, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thaum lawv cog lus, lawv muab lub teb chaws rau lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Rusyns sprinkled tag nrho lub taub hau nrog turf, uas yog, ib lub pob ntawm nyom thiab lub ntiaj teb.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tuaj yeem lees paub ib puas feem pua, vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, yog li Brueckner thiab lwm cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau siv ntau qhov kev xav. Interestingly, kuj muaj ib lub chaw pw hav zoov ntawm mythologists uas tau sib cav tias Veles lossis Volos tsis muaj nyob! Raws li lawv, tsuas yog cov twb tau hais los ntawm St. Tus kheej. Nws txoj kev ntseeg tau pib nrog Byzantine Greeks, tom qab ntawd nws tau tawg nrog tag nrho nws lub zog mus rau Balkan, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Rusyn Slavs, yog li ntawd thaum kawg Veles tuaj yeem sawv yuav luag ntawm ib qho ntawm ib tus vajtswv loj tshaj Slavic - Perun .

Veles ib txwm ua raws li tus antagonist ntawm Perun, uas nws cov cim tau muaj sia nyob tom qab Christianization hauv cov dab neeg hais txog kev sib tw ntawm Vajtswv thiab dab ntxwg nyoog (li no lub hauv paus rau kev txheeb xyuas tus nab nrog Veles) thiab txawm tias St. Nicholas nrog Vajtswv lossis St. Los yog kuv. Qhov kev txhawb siab no coincides nrog cov txheej txheem Indo-European ntawm kev sib tw ntawm ob lub siab dua thiab tawm tsam deities.

Yuav ua li cas tsis meej pem tshwm sim thaum piv ob tus lej? Zoo, tej zaum qhov no yog vim cov lus hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm XNUMX xyoo pua AD. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov Slavs siv cov lus qub Slavic, uas yog thawj hom lus siv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, thiab tom qab ntawd cov lus Slavic, suav nrog Polish, keeb kwm. Hauv luv luv, cov txheej txheem coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj Vlas los ntawm Wallachia. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem hais tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov vajtswv Slavic thiab lawv cov keeb kwm tseem yog qhov tsis paub. Tag nrho cov no yog txuas nrog tus lej tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv sau, uas tsawg dua yog ntseeg tau. Ntau xyoo dhau los, ntau qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kws paub txog dab neeg tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tau tshwm sim rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntseeg Slavic, yog li tam sim no nws nyuaj heev los cais cov nplej los ntawm chaff. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem paub tseeb ntawm ib yam - Veles nyob hauv txoj haujlwm siab heev hauv kev ntseeg tsis ntseeg thiab, tau kawg, tau nrov heev. Tsuas yog Vajtswv saum toj no nws tseem yog Perun - tus vajtswv ntawm xob quaj.

Yog tias koj xav nkag siab txog lub ntsiab lus, kuv xav kom koj nyeem qhov kev kawm los ntawm Stanislav Urbanchik, uas nws cov lus pom zoo ua rau kev kawm ntawm Slavic mythology txaus siab. Kuv kuj pom zoo kom Alexander Geishtor thiab Alexander Brueckner, hais ntau zaus, txawm hais tias cov style ntawm ob tug txiv neej no zoo li nyuaj me ntsis.